Dermatologists and skincare experts have emphasised the importance of adopting a structured skincare routine to effectively manage hyperpigmentation and uneven skin tone.
According to the experts, hyperpigmentation, characterised by dark patches or spots on the skin, can result from prolonged sun exposure, acne scars, hormonal changes, inflammation and ageing.
They noted that while several ingredients have been proven effective in reducing skin discolouration, consistency and proper sun protection remain critical to achieving visible results.
Experts recommend beginning the day with a gentle, non-stripping cleanser to remove impurities without compromising the skin’s protective barrier.
They explained that a Vitamin C serum should follow as a key morning treatment due to its antioxidant properties and ability to brighten the complexion while helping to reduce pigmentation.
“Vitamin C, particularly in concentrations ranging from 10 to 20 per cent, can help improve overall skin tone and minimise the appearance of dark spots,” they said.
The experts added that stable Vitamin C derivatives, such as ascorbyl glucoside, could serve as alternatives for individuals with sensitive skin.
They also identified niacinamide as another beneficial ingredient in pigmentation management.
According to them, niacinamide, typically used in concentrations of five to 10 per cent, can help fade discolouration, regulate oil production and strengthen the skin barrier.
Following treatment products, they advised the application of a moisturiser to maintain hydration and support healthy skin function.
However, they stressed that daily use of sunscreen remained the most crucial aspect of any hyperpigmentation treatment plan.
“Broad-spectrum sunscreen with a sun protection factor (SPF) of between 30 and 50 is non-negotiable. Without adequate sun protection, other treatment efforts may yield limited results,” the experts stated.
They recommended reapplying sunscreen every two hours during prolonged outdoor activities.
For evening care, the experts advised a double-cleansing method, especially for individuals who wear makeup or sunscreen regularly.
The process involves using an oil-based cleanser or cleansing balm to dissolve surface products, followed by a gentle water-based cleanser to remove residual impurities.
They further recommended the use of chemical exfoliants containing alpha hydroxy acids (AHAs), such as glycolic acid or lactic acid, two to three times weekly.
According to them, these exfoliants assist in removing dead skin cells, promoting a brighter and more even complexion.
“Users should introduce exfoliants gradually to minimise irritation and avoid over-exfoliation, which can worsen pigmentation,” they cautioned.
On non-exfoliation nights, experts suggested incorporating either retinoids or tranexamic acid into the routine.
Retinoids help accelerate cell turnover and improve the appearance of post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation, while tranexamic acid has gained recognition as a gentler option for addressing melasma and persistent dark patches.
They warned against using retinoids and exfoliating acids simultaneously, as the combination could increase skin sensitivity and irritation.
For nighttime hydration, experts advised the use of richer moisturisers formulated with ingredients such as ceramides and hyaluronic acid to support overnight skin repair.
Key ingredients commonly recommended for treating hyperpigmentation include Vitamin C, niacinamide, glycolic acid, lactic acid, tranexamic acid, kojic acid and retinol.
Experts also advised caution when combining potent active ingredients.
Although Vitamin C and niacinamide can be used together by some individuals, they noted that high concentrations may trigger temporary flushing in sensitive skin types.
To reduce the risk of irritation, users may choose to apply Vitamin C during the morning routine and reserve niacinamide for evening use.
The specialists emphasised that visible improvements in hyperpigmentation often require patience and consistency.
They explained that most individuals begin to notice meaningful results after adhering to an appropriate skincare regimen for approximately eight to 12 weeks.
The experts encouraged consumers to seek professional dermatological advice when dealing with severe pigmentation concerns or when over-the-counter products fail to deliver expected outcomes.
They noted that personalised treatment plans remain essential, particularly for individuals with melasma, sensitive skin conditions or underlying medical concerns affecting skin health.
